ព័ត៌មានគម្រោងស្ថាបនាផ្លូវ សួន ភ្លើងបំភ្លឺ នៅទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ

ទីតាំង៖ ចាប់ពីគល់ស្ពានមិត្តភាព កម្ពុជា-ជប៉ុន (ជ្រោយចង្វារ) ដល់ច្រាំងមុខ ការដ្ឋាន
សណ្ឋាគារ 
ម្ចាស់គំរោង៖ សាលារាជធានីភ្នំពេញ 
អ្នកសាងសង់៖ ក្រុមហ៊ុនសំណង់របស់សណ្ឋាគារសុខារ 
ត្រួតពិនិត្យបច្ចេកទេស៖ មន្ទីរសាធារណៈការ និងដឹកជញ្ជួនរាជធានី 
រយៈពេល៖ ១៨ខែ 
ចាប់ផ្តើមនិងគ្រោងបញ្ចប់៖ មិថុនា ២០១១ - វិច្ឆិកា ២០១២ 
គំរោងថវិកា៖ ១៨.២៧២.៣៤៨ ដុល្លាអាមេរិក សំរាប់ការងារសាងសង់ច្រាំងទន្លេ
ជាមួយនឹង ២.៨៧០.០០០ ដុល្លាអាមេរិក សំរាប់ស្ថាបនាផ្លូវ សួន ភ្លើងបំភ្លឺ ជាដើម 
លក្ខណៈបច្ចេកទេសសង្ខេបនៃការស្ថាបនា៖ តាមការបង្ហាញរបស់ក្រុមបច្ចេកទេស
ប្លង់ Tieng Phong Structure ច្រាំងទន្លេយើង នឹងត្រូវ ចែកចេញជា ២ កំណាត់ (segments) ដែលសាងសង់តាមបច្ចេកទេសខុសប្លែកគ្នា ក្នុងនោះមាន៖ 
• ផ្នែកទី១ ៖ (Segment 1) ចាប់ពីគល់ស្ពានជ្រោយចង្វារខាងកើត មកដល់ ជិតសួនគំរោងសណ្ឋាគារសុខា អូតែល មានប្រវែង ១៧០០ម៉ែត្រ សំរាប់ទីតាំងដីខ្សោយ
ចំណោទខ្ពស់ មានដីបាក់ ច្រើន នឹងត្រូវប្រើប្រាស់បច្ចេកទេស ច្រាំងចំណោទឈរត្រង់
(Vertical Embankment, Concrete Sheet Pile) ដែលការចំណាយខ្ពស់ ហើយមានភាព
ស្មុគស្មាញ
• ផ្នែកទី២ ៖ (Segment 2) តចាប់ពីផ្នែកទីមួយរហូតដល់ច្រាំងចុងជ្រោយ មានប្រវែង
១២០០ម៉ែត្រ សំរាប់ចំណោទទាប ត្រូវប្រើប្រាស់បច្ចេកទេស ចំណោទ ជំរេល (Slope
Embankment)។
លទ្ធផលការងារធំៗដែលសម្រេចបាន៖
• ដោះស្រាយសំណង់បណ្តោះអាសន្នខុសច្បាប់ចំនួន ១១១ខ្នងផ្ទះ
• ការងារកាប់ដើមឈើ ដើម្បីសម្អាតការដ្ឋានសាងសង់ អស់ ៦៣ដើម
• ការងារហ៊ុំព័ទ្ធការដ្ឋាន ដោយធ្វើរបងសុវត្ថិភាព ប្រវែង ២៤០០ម៉ែត្រ នៃប្រវែងច្រាំងសរុបត្រូវស្ថាបនា ៣០០០ម៉ែត្រ
• ការងារជីកកាត់ជើងទេរ និងធ្វើផ្លូវសម្រាប់គ្រឿងចក្រ បានប្រវែង ១៣៥០ម៉ែត្រ
• ការងារបុកសសរគ្រឹះមុខកាត់ទំហំ៧០០មីលីម៉ែត្រ ៥០០មីលីម៉ែត្រ និង ៤០០មីលីម៉ែត្រ 
ជម្រៅ១២ម៉ែត្រ ១៥ម៉ែត្រ និង ១៨ម៉ែត្រ បានចំនួន ៥៧ដើម

New tunnel in Phnom Penh

នៅក្នុងឱកាសនៃកិច្ចប្រជុំប្រចាំខែរបស់សាលារាជធានីភ្នំពេញ កាលពីព្រឹកថ្ងៃទី ២១ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ ២០១២ ក្រោមអធិបតីភាព ឯកឧត្តម កែប ជុតិមា អភិបាលរាជធានីភ្នំពេញ ក្រុមស្ថាបត្យកររបស់ក្រុមហ៊ុនអនិកជន OCIC បាន បង្ហាញពីគម្រោងស្ថាបនាផ្លូវថ្មីរូងក្រោមដី១ខ្សែ ដោយជម្រើសក្នុងការសិក្សា អាចជា ផ្លូវថ្មីរូងក្រោមដីនឹងត្រូវធ្វើការ សាងសង់បណ្តោយ ២៧២ម៉ែត្រ ទទឹង ១៤ម៉ែត្រ តភ្ជាប់ពីផ្លូវសហព័ន្ធរុស្ស៊ីកាត់ផ្លូវព្រះមុន្នីវង្ស មកផ្លូវក្រមួនស និងផ្លូវ ព្រះអង្គឌួង (ជាប់វិមានកាណាឌីយ៉ា) ដែលផ្លូវក្រោមដីនេះ ត្រូវបានបែងចែកជា៤គន្លងផ្លូវ គឺ២គន្លងផ្លូវទៅ និង២គន្លង ផ្លូវមក មានជំរេស្ពានចំនួន ៥,៥% ដែលអាចអនុញ្ញាតឱ្យរថយន្តកំពស់ ៣,៥ម៉ែត្រឆ្លងកាត់បាន។ ឬលទ្ធភាពមួយទៀត ដោយសិក្សាលើផ្លូវព្រះមុនីវង្ស ត្រង់ចំនុចណាមួយ នៅក្បែរព្រះសច្យមុនីចេតិយ្យ ឬអគារកាណាឌីយ៉ា។ ចំពោះការសាងសង់ គឺត្រៀមជាពីរដំណាក់កាល ក្នុងរយៈពេលតែ ៦ខែ ដែលគ្រោងនឹងប្រើប្រាស់ទឹកប្រាក់ អស់២លានដុល្លាអាមេរិក។ 
ក្នុងកិច្ចពិភាក្សានេះ អង្គប្រជុំបានស្តាប់នូវ យោបល់បច្ចេកទេសជាច្រើន ពីជំនាញជំវិញសាលារាជធានីភ្នំពេញ ដោយឃើញថា ការសិក្សារបស់ក្រុមហ៊ុននេះ នៅមិនទាន់គ្រប់ជ្រុងជ្រោយនៅឡើយ ដោយហេតុថាកត្តាសំខាន់គឺ ការពិចារណាលើលំហូរចរាចរណ៍នៅទីតាំងនោះ និងកត្តាមួយទៀតគឺសោភ័ណភាព។ ហេតុដូចនេះ អង្គប្រជុំស្នើឲ្យ​ក្រុមហ៊ុន ធ្វើការសិក្សាជាថ្មី ដោយផ្តល់នូវជំរើសលើសពីពីរ ដែលការសិក្សានោះ ត្រូវមានការពិចារណា​យ៉ាងល្អិតល្អន់​លើបញ្ហាចរាចរណ៍ ជាចាំបាច់ ហើយការសិក្សានេះត្រូវមានកិច្ចសហការពីមន្ទីរជំនាញមួយចំនួន ដូចជាមន្ទីរសាធារណៈការ និងដឹកជញ្ជូន មន្ទីរដនសស ក៏ដូចជា មន្ត្រីទីចាត់ការរៀបចំក្រុងរបស់សាលារាជធានីផងដែរ។ 
ក្រោយពីបានស្តាប់នូវ ការបកស្រាយរបស់ក្រុមហ៊ុន ក៏ដូចជាយោបល់ល្អៗជាច្រើន 

របស់អង្គប្រជុំឯកឧត្តមអភិបាលញ បានមានប្រសាសន៍ថា នេះពិតជា គម្រោងថ្មី និងជាដំណោះស្រាយថ្មីមួយទៀត ដើម្បីជួយសង្គ្រោះនូវបញ្ហាចរាចរ ណ៍ក្នុងរាជធានីភ្នំពេញសព្វថ្ងៃ។ ដោយសារតំបន់នេះ (ស្តុបBKC) មានចរាចរណ៍ មមារញឹក ដែលជាឧបសគ្គមួយ សាលារាជធានីភ្នំពេញ ស្នើឲ្យក្រុមហ៊ុន ធ្វើការសិក្សាឲ្យបានឆាប់រហ័ស ដោយយើងរង់ចាំសហការ ផ្តល់នូវប្រឹក្សាបចេ្ចកទេសចរាចរណ៍ ក៏ដូចជាបញ្ហាផ្សេងទៀត ដែលក្រុមហ៊ុន ត្រូវការជំនួយពីអាជ្ញាធរ។ ដើម្បីសម្រួលចរាចរណ៍ ឱ្យបានកាន់តែ ប្រសើរថែមទៀត ឯកឧត្តម បានគូសបញ្ជាក់ ដោយបានដាក់កំហិតដល់ស្ថាប័នពាក់ព័ន្ធត្រូវ បង្កើតក្រុមការងារ បច្ចេកទេសសិក្សាជាបន្ទាន់ ពីតំបន់ជុំវិញលើលំហូរចរាចរណ៍ ដើម្បីបានជាមូលដ្ឋានរួម រួចកសាងឯកសារសិក្សាមួយ យ៉ាងល្អិតល្អន់ ដើម្បីស្នើសុំការសំរេចពីរាជរដ្ឋាភិបាល។


source: www.phnompenh.gov.kh

New background of my video assignment

Steel Structure

This is a brief description about Steel Structure:

We can use steel structure in some building such as:

- Industrialize building (Factory, warehouse...)

- Residential building (High-rise building, normal house, modern complex...)

- Commercial building (Mall, office building...)

- Railroad

- Aircraft

- Storage and warehouse

- Garage

Advantage of Steel Structure:

- Versatility

- Foundation saving

- Adaptability to a wide range of sites

- Structure stability

- Ability to open floor plans

- Energy efficiency

- Choice of design

- Can protect from earthquake

- Fireproof

- High quality

- Low maintenance

Steel Buildings - The Modern Construction Design

Steel Buildings - The Modern Construction Design

Steel is looking to be the building block of the future. Why, because there are an extreme number of positive attributes and benefits you can get from steel as a construction material. First used around the 1700's to create fireproof mill structures in England, steel has come a long way. Modern variations first started to gain popularity around the early 20th century, became more common during WW2 and even more so afterward once steel was no longer being rationed for the war.

When deciding on a material for a building or other structure, one must take into account several things such as cost, quality, and safety. Steel makes for one of the best building materials because of it's high quality, low maintenance cost, and safe track record. Steel is an alloy consisting of several different metals, the most prominent being iron. This makes it an ideal material for construction since different kinds of steel can be tailor made to contain different qualities. For instance the more carbon added to steel, the harder and stronger it is, though this renders it less flexible.

Cost is of course one of the most important factors when choosing building material. Steel is an excellent value for the money, a building made of steel can cost as much as 50% less to build than one made of something else. Buildings constructed from steel normally have lower insurance premiums(often as low as 40%) than ones made of more hazardous material. Steel structures are easily assembled as they arrive ready made to a construction site, which saves greatly on time and labor costs.

When it comes to versatility, you can't get more diverse than with steel. Steel manufacturers are quite accommodating and design buildings using computer technology. Components, fittings and all measurements are custom molded into an exact shape which allows contractors to make extremely accurate estimates and eliminates the need to unnecessarily purchase excess materials. Steel frames can allow for taller walls and wider open spaces. It also has one of the highest strength to weight ratios of any building material. A steel framework is lighter than concrete and other materials (it's lighter than wood by 50%) which reduces foundation requirements for steel buildings. Steel can of course work on it's own or be combined with other materials and can be made to meet the seismic and wind loads that building codes require.

As for safety, unlike wood steel is completely non-combustible and will not catch fire, nor will it suffer from mold or mildew. Pests that commonly infest buildings such as insects, termites and rodents will not permeate steel.

On the environmental side, steel is 100% recyclable and is in fact one of the most recycled materials in the world. This has been going on for over 150 years because recycling steel is in fact less costly than mining for it and the metal does not lose any of its physical properties during the process. Stainless steel buildings are considered some of the most energy efficient in the market today. Extreme heat and cold do not affect steel buildings the way they do others.

Almost any type of building can be made of steel, barns, office buildings, storage buildings etc. Three of the most common types of steel structure are "arched", "straight walled" and "clearspan". Straight walled buildings are the kind mostly used for industrial and commercial purposes while arched constructions are used in the agricultural industry. Clearspan is an internal part of the construction which uses large, overhead support beams to reduce the need for internal support columns. Clearspan construction is often used for building large aircraft hangers or public arenas. Pre-engineered or "prefab" steel buildings have become very popular throughout the market. Pre-engineered buildings are made of a steel framed building system with pre-designed components that fit together in a wide variety of combinations for a specific use. One can even disassemble the structure and move it to another location if called for. Prehabs are even more economical and easily erected than regular steel structures.

There are several different types of coating and finishes for steel which have different advantages. A coating such as galvalume can be applied to protect the paint and surface of the building from rust. Nowadays steel can be made to look like any other type of material, using special finishes that imitate the look of wood paneling, stucco, brickwork, concrete and so forth. One can either have this done by a company or do it themselves.

Minimal labor and cost, resistance to the most extreme weather conditions, complete freedom of design and versatility of structure, and ecological safety combine to make steel a perfect choice for construction. With modern building becoming more and more efficient, modern steel buildings have become one of the most practical forms of architecture. 

Reference: http://steelbuildings.hubpages.com

Reasons we use steel structure

Steel buildings are the number one choice for consumers looking for dependable and affordable structures. Steel buildings are used for a number of residential and commercial buildings because of their versatility, foundation savings, adaptability to a wide range of sites, structure stability and ability for wide open floor plans, energy efficiency and choice of design.

Steel Buildings offer Versatility

Steel buildings are ideal for residential metal buildings or commercial metal buildings because of the endless choices in designs, floor plans, models and more. Residential steel buildings can be used as modular homes, cabins, tool sheds, storage pole barns, metal garages, pole barn homes, vacation homes and can meet any storage or hobby needs. For commercial use, steel buildings are perfect for utility buildings, strip malls, storage sheds, office buildings, aircraft hangers, retail stores, storage units and gymnasiums. There are also many portable building options available for businesses in construction and real estate.

Considerable Foundation Cost Savings

The foundations savings found by using steel buildings is generally a considerable motivating factor for people who need quality construction at an affordable price. For a typical single story structure, the cost of the foundation will usually exceed 15% of the total cost of construction. For steel buildings, the foundation cost is nearly nonexistent. For a single story structure, large amounts of concrete often need to be poured in addition to an excavation project. For steel buildings, the foundation can simply be holes that are drilled using a power auger. This is because metal buildings are constructed using posts and metal trusses as the framing member. The stability of posts buried 4 to 6 feet deep provide excellent lateral and vertical bearing strength for anyone that needs to depend on a structurally sound building and affordability.

Adaptability to a Wide Range of Sites

Site adaptability is another reason steel buildings are so attractive to consumers and businesses looking for a cheap way to construct a solid structure. Traditional buildings need level grading and require earth moving excavation projects, which can be costly. You also must find a prime location for this new structure in addition to contractors and construction supplies. Metal buildings however, require much less site preparation than other wood or brick structures. Rather than having to disregard a less than ideal area for your construction needs, you can use a steel building that can adapt to less than ideal construction sites.

Unmatched Structure Stability

Structure stability is another important area for many people and businesses interested in steel buildings. A properly designed and constructed steel building can handle weather that would destroy conventional, fully framed structures. This is because the posts are embedded in the ground, which transmit lateral forces, or wind loading on the walls directly into the earth. In addition, steel buildings do not tend to collapse during fire or earthquakes like conventional structures might.

Wide Open Floor Plans or Just Like Home

The versatility in which steel buildings can be framed is another attractive quality for people looking for sturdy and affordable metal buildings. Steel structures can be fully framed to look just like conventional construction or they can have a completely open floor plan with minimal finishing costs. The walls of a metal building are non-load bearing because of the pole construction methods used during the construction process. The poles are used to support the weight of the metal building. By having non-load bearing walls, you will enjoy lower framing costs as well. This unique quality allows for very large open space for a wide variety of uses. In addition, if you are interested in modular homes or prefab homes, you can find steel buildings that offer the look and feel of a fully framed home.

Incredibly Energy Efficient

The energy efficiency of steel buildings is also a drawing force for many consumers interested in metal buildings. Steel buildings have fewer thermal breaks than conventional construction. Posts on 8' or greater centers can be insulated more efficiently than a stick frame with studs 16'' or 24'' on center. In addition, many metal buildings are constructed with recycled metal materials which not only make the energy efficient but also environmentally friendly.

Three Main Styles and Countless Options

There are three primary types of steel buildings. Gable steel buildings are a straight wall style with a peaked roof. Single slope steel buildings are also a straight wall style but have only one angle to the roof. Finally, there are Quonset steel buildings, which are an arch style type of metal buildings. These are merely the three most basic types of metal buildings and some manufacturers within our nationwide network may provide designs that utilize more than one. No matter how you look at it, there is an endless variety in sizes, styles, colors, finishes, accessories and more. 

Steel buildings are an easy and cost effective way to get the structure that you want with a price that you can afford. Metal structures are the easiest way to keep your business expenses within your budget and price quotes are available with our free service from a nationwide network of dealers and manufacturers.

Steel Building Companies

There are countless companies throughout the US that offer a wide range of steel buildings and storage sheds that vary in size for your individual or business needs. If you by chance needed a gymnasium, a church or even an aircraft hanger built, steel buildings will by far be one of the best choices that you could make while considering your options. Steel buildings are efficient and can be built quicker than the average facility with less labor and less money which ultimately leaves more money in your pocket to spend on other more important things. There are even some people and businesses that choose to assemble the steel building all by themselves because they are so easy and simple.

People will choose to use metal structures for a wide range of purposes. There are many businesses, including construction and real estate companies, which need a portable building to meet their specific business needs. Many of these businesses will use their steel buildings as a portable office or a portable storage structures. Many families with residential interests are looking for affordable structures that include modular homes, metal garages, metal storage structures, pole barns and even horse barns.

No matter how you look at it, there are a variety of steel building companies to choose from that all offer different quality, service and prices. If you are worried about steel building prices, don't be. Our service is fast, free and easy which is why filling your specific need with metal building quotes from multiple dealers is one of the least time consuming means to get just what you are looking for that saves both time and money. There are multiple metal building companies that will also offer warranties along any needed repairs for up to 5 years and some that will even offer a 10 year warranty depending on the structure of your choice. Submit your free request and be sure to ask about these additional services if you think that they might be of benefit to you or your business.

Regardless of the type of metal buildings you have in mind, you are sure to find just what you are looking for with our free quoting service that utilizes a nationwide network of metal building manufacturers and dealers. You can review our free guides and learn about general metal sheds, arch steel buildings, arrow sheds, residential metal buildings, metal frame buildings, metal garage buildings and much more.

Wide Variety of Uses to Fit Your Needs

Most metal facilities are constructed of used metals that have been recycled making them more environmentally friendly than that of a standard facility, which entails much more materials and labor. Metal buildings are a great option whether you are interested in a simple structure or a more complex one. Many simple structures include metal buildings such as sheds, storage sheds, steel garage buildings, garden sheds, deer sheds, tool sheds, motorcycle sheds, outdoor storage sheds or antler sheds. Perhaps you need a metal run in sheds or a horse barn. More complex metal buildings may include strip malls, modular homes, a portable building or portable office building, or pole barn houses. Whether you need simple metal sheds or more complex steel buildings, you are sure to be shocked by how affordable and readily available these structures are for you.

Steel buildings offer a wide variety of exteriors and accessories. Whether you want a modular home or pole barns on your property, why not have it look fantastic. There are a wide array of choices, such as faux stone exteriors and vinyl siding. The metal building exteriors that are applied can be done so quickly, usually taking less than a day to complete. This depends on the size of the metal buildings in which you have invested. You can add nearly any type and style of exterior you wish to your steel buildings, along with other details such as a particular style of window that you like or even a special door.

Accessories for metal buildings are just as endless as those of standard structures; however, they can be more cost effective to install or remove from metal buildings if you change your mind. This is what makes metal buildings easier to customize than standard structures. It makes your job much easier, especially if you are interested in any type customized building kits.

Steel Building Kits

Many DIY warriors (do-it-yourself-ers, handy man, handy woman, weekend warriors, or whatever you refer to yourself as) prefer to use metal building kits. You can find affordable metal building kits, pole kits, storage kits, garage kits and even house building kits. One of the most popular choices is to find kits for pole barns. Pole barns are a type of metal building, which are just as customizable, affordable, stable and adaptable as any other metal building. Much like other metal buildings, pole barns can be used as barns, garages, utility houses, cabins, strip malls, vacation homes, pole barn homes, office buildings, storage sheds, aircraft hangers, retail stores, banks and gymnasiums.

Whether you are looking for commercial steel buildings or metal buildings for your personal property, you can find pole barn plans and pole barn kit prices quickly and easily with a click of the mouse. There are plenty of comprehensive packages that will show you how to build a pole barn from starting construction to planning trusses and finally completion of your pole barns. If you would rather not build a metal building by yourself, you can hire people to do so or purchase a prefab metal building or portable sheds. You might also find metal buildings for sale, either cheap or used after submitting your request. If you haven't already done so, consider looking into city zoning laws and obtain building permits where and when necessary. For the do-it-yourself person, you can find out if saving money by purchasing steel building kits is right for you. Whatever your needs, you are sure to find the right metal building for you after comparing quality and prices from multiple companies with our free service.

Reference: http://www.steelbuildings.org

National Institute of Business

This is the introduction of my new video assignment. It does not look so much attractive because I am not skillful in designing video. Anyway, I still try hard to make this and I hope I will get best result after all.

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Writing Modal 2

 

The pie charts compare the proportion of the use of the main source of energy for USA across two years, 1980 and 1990. It can be clearly seen that oil was the most important source in both years, although coal and nuclear power grew in important.

As seen clearly from the data, in 1980 only oil was the main important source of energy, which covered almost half of the pie chart (42%), but the trend was decreased steadily to 33% in 1990. The second most important source of power in 1980 was from natural gas (26%). However, by 1990, the figures decreased gradually to just 25%.

In contrast, coal and nuclear power gained in important. Coal rose from just 22% in 1980 to 27% in 1990 while nuclear power increased from 5% to 10%, a two-fold increased. At the end of the scale, it is significantly noticeable that hydroelectricity is still remained stable in these both years (5%).

In conclusion, it is clear that in the 10 years from 1980 to 1990 there have been a noticeable changing in the use of main source to supply the energy for USA. The use of coal and nuclear energy was increased steeply, while natural gas and oil decreased slightly.

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