Early Airplanes

Well! today I would like to show about some of the famous early airplanes, which are the new great invention that have changed human life.

1. Wright Flyer--1903

The Wright Flyer (referred to as Flyer I or 1903 Flyer) is the first powered, heavier-than-air machine to achieved controlled, sustained, manned flight. This plane was designed and built by the Wright brothers. They flew it four times on December 17, 1903 near the Kill Devil Hills, about four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, U.S.

 
2. Blériot XI--1909

The Blériot XI is the aircraft that, on 25 July 1909, was used by Louis Blériot to make the first flight across the English Channel made in a heavier-than-air aircraft. This achievement is one of the most famous accomplishments of the early years of aviation, and not only won Blériot a lasting place in history but also assured the future of his aircraft manufacturing business. Moreover, this aircraft is the first plane which has manufactured in significant numbers too.

3. Deperdussin Racer--1913

The Deperdussin Racer Monoplane, revolutionary stressed skin construction and streamlined fuselage, was an early French aircraft built by Société de Production des Aéroplanes Deperdussin. It is notable for being the first aircraft to exceed 100 mph (161 km/h) in level flight and also for winning the 1912 Gordon Bennett Trophy Race.

4. Sikorsky II'ya Muromets--1914

The Sikorsky II'ya Muromets (Russian: Илья Муромец) refers to a class of Russian pre-World War I large four-engine commercial airliners and heavy military bombing aircraft used during World War I by the Russian Empire. The aircraft series was named after Ilya Muromets, a hero from Russian mythology. The series was based on the Russky Vityaz or Le Grand, the world's first four-engined aircraft, designed by Igor Sikorsky. The Sikorsky II'ya Muromets aircraft as it appeared in 1913 was a revolutionary design, intended for commercial service with its spacious fuselage incorporating a passenger saloon and washroom on board. During World War I, it became the first four-engine bomber to equip a dedicated strategic bombing unit. This heavy bomber was unrivaled in the early stages of the war, as the Central Powers had no aircraft capable enough to challenge it until much later.

 
5. Junkers J 1--1915

The Junkers J 1, nicknamed the Blechesel ("Tin Donkey" or "Sheet Metal Donkey"), was the world's first practical all-metal aircraft and anticipated streamlined monoplanes of the 1930s. Built early in World War I, when aircraft designers relied largely on fabric-covered wooden structures, all metal cantilever-wing monoplane, the Junkers J 1 was a revolutionary development in aircraft design, being built and flown only 12 years after the Wright Brothers had first flown the "Flyer I" biplane in December 1903. This experimental aircraft never received an official "E-series" monoplane designation from IdFlieg and the Luftstreitkräfte, probably because it was primarily intended as a practical demonstration of Junkers' metal-based structural ideas, and was officially only known by its Junkers factory model number of J 1.

6. Sopwith Triplane--1916

The Sopwith Triplane was a British single seat fighter aircraft designed and manufactured by the Sopwith Aviation Company during the First World War. Because of its three-wing configuration sacrificed speed for increased maneuverability, pilots nicknamed it the Tripehound or simply the Tripe The Triplane became operational with the Royal Naval Air Service in early 1917 and was immediately successful. The Triplane was nevertheless built in comparatively small numbers and was withdrawn from active service as Sopwith Camels arrived in the latter half of 1917. Surviving aircraft continued to serve as operational trainers until the end of the war.

7. Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis--1927

The Spirit of St. Louis (Registration: N-X-211) is the custom-built, single engine, single-seat monoplane that was flown solo by Charles Lindbergh on May 20–21, 1927, on the first non-stop flight from New York to Paris for which Lindbergh won the $25,000 Orteig Prize.

This aircraft is a showcased reliability of piston engine, which completed first solo nonstop trans-Alantic flight. Lindbergh took off in the Spirit from Roosevelt Airfield, Garden City (Long Island), New York and landed 33 hours, 30 minutes later at Aéroport Le Bourget in Paris, France, a distance of approximately 3,600 miles (5,800 km.).

8. Northrop Alpha--1930

The Northrop Alpha was an American single-engine, all-metal monocoque fuselage and wing influenced modern transport designs, seven-seat, low-wing monoplane fast mail/passenger transport aircraft used in the 1930s. Design work was done at the Avion Corporation, which in 1929, became the Northrop Aircraft Corporation based in Burbank, California.

Resources:
- www.wikipedia.com
- National Geographic: Masters of the sky 2003


Notes:
Dates indicate first flight an do not necessarily match the production year or model shown.

World Top 10 Largest Aquarium

Have you ever visited the large aquarium that is bigger that your home's aquarium with any kind of fishes?


Now I would like to share all of you about the top 10 largest aquarium in the world with some brief information.
    
In order to compare these large aquariums we have looked at the size of their biggest tank (in gallons). Most aquariums have several tanks and the combined volume of water can be much larger but it is only the largest aquarium tank that is counted. So here’s a list of the largest aquariums in the world.


10. Aquarium of Western Australia (0,8 million gallons)

This aquarium opened on 13 April 1988 as Underwater World, Perth. It was acquired by the current owners, Coral World International and Morris Kahn, in 1991, and changed its name to Aquarium of Western Australia (AQWA) on 1 January 2001. It located in a coastal suburb of Perth. The aquarium’s main tank is 40 meters (130 ft) long and 20 meters (66 ft) wide and holds 3,000,000 liters (793,000 gallons) of seawater. It incorporates a 98 meter (322 ft) underwater tunnel. For a fee, snorkelers and divers can get even closer to the fish, sharks, and rays by joining the aquarium’s dive master in exploring the main tank.

9. Aquarium of Genoa (< 1 million gallons)

The aquarium was originally built for Genoa Expo '92, in Italy is one of the largest aquariums in Europe, celebrating 500 years since the Genoan sailor Christopher Columbus discovered the new world. The aquarium’s 70 tanks reproduce marine and terrestrial habitats from throughout the world and provide a home for more than 6000 animals. Some tanks reproduce natural environments from different areas as the Mediterranean, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. The most spectacular ones are those housing the sharks, the dolphins and the seals.



8. Shanghai Ocean Aquarium (< 1 million gallons)

The Shanghai Ocean Aquarium, which located in Shanghai, China, is one of the largest aquariums in Asia. It is home to an Oranda goldfish named Bruce which measures 17.129 in. (43.507 cm) from snout to tail fin! Bruce was named after Bruce Lee. This aquarium is composed of 9 exhibition zones of all over the world, including the China Zone, the Antarctic Zone and the Australia Zone. The China Zone is home to several endangered Chinese aquatic species, including rare and precious species from the Yangtze River. The biggest attraction of the aquarium is the underwater tunnel. At 155 meter (509 ft) it is the longest underwater tunnel in the world.

7. uShaka Marine World (< 1 million gallons) 

uShaka Marine World is a theme park located in Durban, South Africa. The park was opened on 30 April 2004 after 3 years of development. In 2005, the park was awarded for "Outstanding Achievement in thematic creative design" by the Themed Entertainment Association. It contains the largest aquarium in Africa boasting 32 tanks. The sea creatures found in the aquarium range from small sea horses all the way through to sharks and dolphins. The Aquarium is built to look like an old wreck and contains a number of restaurants and cafes. The most notable of these restaurants is “The Cargo Hold” restaurant which contains a full wall sized aquarium containing a number of sharks which are visible from most of the dining area.



6. Monterey Bay Aquarium (1,2 million gallons)

The Monterey Bay Aquarium is located on the site of a former sardine cannery on Cannery Row in Monterey, California. Among the aquarium’s numerous exhibits are two gigantic tanks. The centerpiece of the Ocean’s Edge Wing is a 10 meter (33 foot) high 1,3 million liter (0,33 million gallon) tank for viewing California coastal marine life. The other one is a 4,5 million liter (1,2 million gallon) tank in the Outer Bay Wing which features one of the world’s largest single-paned windows. Sealife on exhibit includes stingrays, jellyfish, sea otters, and numerous other native marine species, which can be viewed above and below the waterline.

5. Turkuazoo (1,32 million gallons) 

Opened in 2009, Turkuazoo is Turkey’s first giant aquarium featuring a rainforest, flooded forest and tropical seas zones. The aquarium is located inside the Forum Istanbul Shopping Mall and contains a 80 meter long underwater tunnel. Turkuazoo holds about 10,000 sea creatures including tiger sharks, giant stingrays and piranhas in 29 different exhibits where the largest holds 5 million liters (1,32 million gallons) of water. In addition to being a major tourist attraction for Istanbul, the aquarium is a centre for marine research and conservation.


4. L'Oceanogràfic (1,85 million gallons)

L’Oceanogràfic is a marine complex where different marine habitats are represented. It is integrated inside a complex known as the City of Arts and Sciences inside the city of Valencia, Spain. It was designed by the architect Felix Candela and the structural engineers Alberto Domingo and Carlos Lazaro. It is integrated inside the cultural complex known as the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències. The Oceanogràfic features the largest aquarium tank in Europe and houses more than 45,000 marine creatures. They populate nine under water towers, structured on two levels that represent several marine ecosystems. Two underwater towers are joined by a 35 meter underwater tunnel and it’s tank is filled with sharks, rays and 7 million liters (1,85 million gallon) of water.


3. Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium (1,98 million gallons)

The Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium is located within the Ocean Expo Park in Japan and was opened in 2002. . It welcomed its 20 millionth visitor on 30 March 2010 and is a member of the Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA). The main tank of the aquarium, called the Kuroshio Sea, holds 7,5 million liters (1,981,000 gallons) of water and features an acrylic glass panel measuring 8.2 by 22.5 meters (27 by 74 feet) with a thickness of 60 centimeters (24 inches), the largest such panel in the world when the aquarium was opened. Whale sharks and manta rays are kept alongside many other fish species in Kuroshio Sea. As of July 2010, there have been a total of four manta rays born in the aquarium.


2. Dubai Mall Aquarium (2,64 million gallons)

The Dubai Mall, one the world’s largest shopping malls in the world, is part of the 20-billion-dollar Burj Dubai complex. The centerpiece of the mall is the gigantic aquarium tank, with the capacity to hold 10 million liters (2,64 million gallons) of water. The aquarium has more than 33,000 living animals including over 400 sharks and rays combined. It officially earned the Guinness World Record for the world’s “Largest Acrylic Panel”. The panel measures 8.3 by 32.88 meter (27 by 108 feet) and is 75 centimeters (30 inches) thick beating Japan’s Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium to the punch. In February 2010, the shark filled tank sprang a leak causing an evacuation and brief shutdown of the mall.

1. Georgia Aquarium (6,3 million gallons)

The Georgia Aquarium, located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, at Pemberton Place, is the world's largest aquarium housing more than 100,000 sea creatures. Funded mostly by a $250 million donation from Home Depot co-founder Bernie Marcus, the aquarium opened in November 2005. The Georgia Aquarium is the only institution outside of Asia to house whale sharks. The sharks are kept in a gigantic 24 million liter (6.3 million gallon) tank in the Ocean Voyager exhibit. There has been controversy surrounding the decision of the Georgia Aquarium to house whale sharks. Concerns about keeping the whale sharks in captivity were heightened by the deaths of two of the whale sharks originally obtained.